Gene List for Cucumis melo L.

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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 17:135-148 (article 41) 1994

Michel Pitrat
I.N.R.A. Station d’Amelioration des Plantes Maraicheres, BP9 94, F-84143 Montfavet Cedex (France)

Lists of the known genes for the melon ave been published previously (15, 16, 17, 62, 74). In order to update and collect information on the melon, the following represents the current list of described genes for Cucumis melo L. In bold characters are the genes which are maintained by the curators or which are very common in collections (like andromonoecious or white testa). In light characters are genes which either have been apparently lost, are not yet maintained by curators, or have uncertain descriptions.

It is hoped that scientists will consults the following list as well as the rules of gene nomenclature for the Cucurbitaceae (see appendix) before choosing a gene name and symbol. Thus inadvertent duplication will be prevented.

New symbols have been attributed to genes due to previous use:

The symbol dl for delayed lethal (87) has been used for dissected leaf and we propose to use dlet for the new mutant.

The symbol M for Maleness (43) was first used for monoecious before andromonoecious ((symbol a) was prefered to describe this character. As both characters (Maleness and monoecious) are refering to sex expression it seems better to have another name and symbol. In reference 41 the symbol n was used and in the previous list the name gynoecious (symbol gy) was preferred.

The character Subtended floral leaf has been described (30) with symbol S. As this symbol has been already used for presence of sutures on the fruit we propose thatthe symbol Sfl will be used for Subtended floral leaf.

The situation concerning powdery mildew resistance is highly confusing! Six genes were already in the previous list (from Pm-1 to Pm-6) and new have been published. All the allelism tests have not been done. Powdery mildew can be provoked by two fungi Sphaerotheca fulginea and Erysiphe cichoracearum and some genes are specific for S. fulginea resistance (Pm-1 for instance), others are specific for E. cichoeacearum (e.g. Pm-H in ‘Nantais oblong’) while probably other genes have an effect on both fungi. A working group named ‘Club Mildew’ (54) intends to clarify theinteraction between melon and powdery mildew strains. We propose to wait the results of this group to have a better view on the resistance genes to powdery mildew and to propose new names and symbols (may be Sf-x for resistance to S. fulginea, Ec-x for resistance to E. cichoracearum, and Pm-x for resistance to both fungi?).

Gene symbol

Character

Linkage group

References

Preferred

Synonym

a M andromonoecious. Mostly staminate, fewer perfect flowers; on a+_ plants, pistillate flowers have no stamens; epistatic to g. 4 69, 75, 82
ab = abrahiate. Lacking lateral branches. Interacts with a and g (e.g. abab aa g+_ plants produce oly staminate flowers). 27
Ac – Alternaria cucumerina resistance (in MR-1). 79
Af – Aulacophora foveicollis resistance. Resistance to the red pumpkin beetle. 80
Ag – Aphis gossypii tolerance, Freedom of leaf curling following aphid infestation (in PI 414723). 4
Ala – Acute leaf apex. Dominant over obtuse apex, linked with Lobed leaf. (Ala in Maine Rock, Ala+ in PV Green). 31
Al-1 Al1 Abscissionlayer-1. One of two dominant genes for abscission layer formation. See Al-2. (Al-1 Al-2 in C68, Al-1+ Al-2+ in Pearl). 77
Al-2 Al2 Abscission layer-2. One of two dominant genes for abscission layer formation. See Al-1. 77
Ap-11 APS-11 Acid phosphatase-11. One of two codominant alleles, each regulatingone band. The heterozygote has two bands. See Ap-12 25
Ap-12 APS-12 Acid phosphatase-12 . One of two codominant alleles, each regulating one band. The heterozygote has two bands. See Ap-11. 25
bd – brittle dwarf. Rosette growth with thick leaf. Male fertile, female sterile (in TAM-Perlita45). 12
Bi Bitter. Bitter seedling (common in honeydew or in Charentais type while most American canteloupes are Bi+). 48
Bif – Bitter fruit. Bitterness of tender fruit in wild melon. Relations with Bi are unknown. 61
cb cb1 cucumber beetle resistance. Interacts with Bi, the nonbitter Bi+_cbcb being the more resistant (in C922-174-B). 58
cl – curled leaf. Elongated leaves that curl upward and inward. Usualy male and female sterile. 12
dc-1 – Dacus cucurbitae-1 resistance. One of two complementary recessive genes for resistance to the melon fruitfly. See dc-2. 76
dc-2 – Dacus cucurbitae-2 resistance. One of two complementary recessive genes for resistance to the melon fruitfly. See dc-1. 76
dl – dissected leaf (in URSS 4). Highly indented leaves. 10 20
dl v cl dissected leaf Velich. First described as cut leaf in Cantaloup de Bellegarde. Allele to dl. 81
dlet dl delayed lethal. Reduced growth, necrotic lesions on leaves and premature death. 87
dt-2 – dissected leaf-2. First described as “hojas hendidas”. 24
f – flava. Chlorophyl deficient mutant. Growth rate reduced (in K 2005). 8 64
fas – fasciated stem (in Volmorin 104). 28
fe – fe (iron) inefficient mutant. Chlorotic leaves with green veins. Turns green when adding Fe in the nutrient solution. 57
Fn – Flaccida necrosis. Semi-dominant gene for wilting and necrosis with F pathotype of ucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (Fn in Doublon, Fn+ in Vedrantais). 2 73
Fom-1 Fom1 Fusarium oxysporum melonis resistance. Resistance to races 0 and 2 and susceptibiility to races 1 and 1,2 of Fusarium wilt (Fom-1) in Doublon, Fom-1+ in Charentais T). 5 72
Fom-2 Fom1.2 Fusarium oxyysporum melonis resistance. Resistance to races 0 and 1 and susceptibility to races 2 and 1,2 of Fusarium wilt. (Fom-2 in CM 17187, Fom-2+ in Charentais T). 6 72
Fom-3 – Fusarium oxysporum melois resistance. Same phenotype as Fom-1 but segregates independently fromn Fom-1. (Fom-3 in Perlita FR, Fom-3+ in Charentais T). 88
g – gynomonoecious. Mostly pistillate, fewer perfect flowers. Epistatic to a: a+_g+_monoecious; a+_ gg gynomonoecious; aa g+_ andromonoecious; aa gg hermaphrodite. 69
gf – green flesh color. Recessive to salmon. (gf in honeydew, gf+ in Smiths’ Perfect cantaloupe). 36
gl – glabrous. Trichomes lacking (in Arizona glA). 3 26
gp – green petals. Corolla leaf like in color and venation. 55
Gs Gelatinous sheath aroundthe seeds. Dominant to absence of gelatinous sheath. 29
gyc – greenish yellow corolla. 86
gy n, M gynoecious. Interacts with a and g to producestable gynoecious plants (a+_gg gygy) (in WI 998). 41, 43
h – halo cotyledons. Yellow halo on the cotyledons, later turning green. 4 59
jf – juicy flesh. Segregates discretely in a monogenic ratio in segregating generations. 8
L – Lobed leaf. Dominant on non lobed, linked with Acute leaf apex. (L in Maine Rock, L+ in P.V. Green). 31
lmi – long mainstem internode. Affects internode length of the main stem ut not of the lateral ones (in 48764). 8 51
Me – Mycosphaerella citrullina resistance. High degree of resistance to gummy stem blight (in PI 140471). 70
Mc-2 Mc1 Mycosphaerella citrullina resistance. Moderate degree of resistance to gummy stem blight (in C-1 and C-8). 70
Mca – Macrocalyx. Large, leaf like structure of the sepals in staminate and hermaphrodite flowers (Mca in makuwa, Mca+ in Annamalai ) 30
Me – Mealy flesh texture. Dominant to crisp flesh. (Me in C. callosus, Me+ in makuwa). 29
ms-1 ms1 male sterile-1. Indehiscent anthers with empty pollen walls in tetrad stage. 3 6
ms-2 ms2 male sterile-2. Anthers indehiscent, containing mostly empty pollen walls, growth rate reduced. 6 5
ms-3 ms-L male sterile-3. Waxy and translucent indehiscent anthers, containing two types of empty pollen sacs. 12 53
ms-4 – male sterile-4. Small indehiscent anthers. First male flowers abort at bud stage (in Bulgaria 7). 9 49
ms-5 – male sterile-5. Small indehiscent anthers. Empty pollen (in Jivaro, Fox). 13 47
Mt – Mottled rind pattern. Dominant to uniform color. Epistatic with Y (not expressed in Y+y+) and st (Mt_stst and Mt_st+st+ mottled; Mt+Mt+ st+ st+ uniform). (Mt in Annamalai, Mt+in makuwa). 29
Mu – Musky flavor (olfactory). Dominant on mild flavour (Mu in C. melo callosus, Mu+ in makuwa or Annamalai). 29
n – nectarless. Nectaries lacking in all flowers (in 40099). 2
Nm – Necrosis with Morocco strains of Watermelon Mosaic Virus (Nm in Vedrantais, Nm+ in Ouzbeque). 71
nsv – Melon necrotic spot virus resistance (in Gulfstream, Planters Jumbo). 7 14
O – Oval fruit shape. Dominant to round; associated with a. 4 82
p – pentamerous. Five carpels and stamens; recessive to trimerous (in Casaba). 75
Pa – Pale green foliage. PaPa plants are white (lethal); PaPa+ are yellow (in 30567). 3 52
Pc-1 – Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance. One of two complementary incompletely dominant genes for downy mildew resistance (in PI 124111). See Pc-2. 11, 78
Pc-2 – Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance. One of two complementary incompletely dominant genes for downy mildew resistance (in PI 124111). See Pc-1. 11,78
Pc-3 – Pseudoperonospora cubenis resistance. Partial resistance to downy mildew (in PI 414723). 22
Pc-4 Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance. One of two cokplementary genes for downy mildew resistance in PI 124112. Interacts with Pc-1 or Pc-2. 44
Pgd-11 6-PGDH-21

Pgd-21

 Phosphoglucodehydrogenase-11 . One of two codominant alleles that regulates 6-phospho-glucodehydrogenase, each regulates one band. The heterozygote has one intermediate band. See Pgd-12 25
Pgd-12 6-PGDH-22

Pgd-22

 Phosphoglucodehudrogenase-12. One of two codominant alleles that regulates 6-phospho-glucodehydrogenase, each regulates one band. The heterozygote has one intermediate band. See Pgd-11. 25
Pgi-11 PGI-11 Phosphoglucoisomerase-11 . One of two dominant alleles, each regulating two bands. The heterozygote has three bands. See Pgi-12. 25
Pgi-12 PGI-12 Phosphoglucoisoinerase-12. One of two dominant alleles, each regulating two bands. The heterozygote has three bands. See Pgi-11. 25
Pgi-21 PGI-21 Phosphogluycoisomerase-21. One of two dominant alleles, each regulating two bands. The heterozygote has three bands. See Pgi-22 . 25
Pgi-22 PGI-22 Phosphoglucoisomerase-22. One of two dominant alleles, each regulating two ands. the heterozygote has three bands. See Pgi-21. 25
Pgm-11 PGM-21

Pgm-21

 Phosphoglucomutase-11. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating two bands. the heterozygotes has three bands. See Pgm-12. 25
Pgm-12 PGM-22

Pgm-22

 Phosphoglucomutase-12. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating two bands. The heterozygotes has three bands. See Pgm-11. 25
Pm-1 Pm1

Pm-A?

 Powdery mildew resistance-1. Resistance to race 1 of Sphaerotheca fulginea (in PMR 45). 38, 39
Pm-2 Pm2

Pm-C?

 Powdery mildew resistance-2. Interacts with PM-1. Resistance to race 2 of Spahaerotheca fulginea in PMR 5 with PM-1). 7
Pm-3 Pm3 Powdery mildew resistance-3. Resistance to race 1 of Sphaerotheca fulginea in PI 124111). 7 33,34
Pm-4 Pm4 Powdery mildew resistance-4. Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (in PI 124112). 33,34
Pm-5 Pm5 Powdery mildew resistance-5. Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (in PI 124112). 33,34
Pm-6 – Powdery mildew resistance-6. Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea race 2 (in PI124111). 42
Pm-E – Powdery mildew resistance-E. Interacts with Pm-C in PMR5 for Erysiphe cichoracearum resistance. 23
Pm-F – Powdery mildew resistance-F. Interacts with Pm-G in PI 124112 for Erysiphe cichoracearum resistance. 23
Pm-G – Powdery mildew resistance-G. IOnteracts with Pm-F in PI 124112 for Erysiphe cichoracearum resistance. 23
Pm-H – Powdery mildew resistance-H. Resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum and susceptibility to Sphaerotheca fulginea (in ‘Nantais oblong’). 23
Pm-w Pm-B? Powdery mildew resistance in WMR 29. Reistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea race 2. 2 63
Pm-x – Powdery mildew resistance in PI 414723. Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea. 4 63
Prv1 Wmv Papaya Ringspot Virus resistance. Resistance to W strain of Papaya ringspot Virus (formerly Watermelon Mosaic Virus 1) (in B 66-5, WMR 29, derived from PI 180280). Dominant to Prv2. 5 66,83
Prv2 – Papaya Ringspot Virus resistance. Allele at the same locus as Prv1 but different reaction with some strains of the virus (in 72-025 derived from PI 180283). Recessive to Prv1, dominant to Prv+. 5 40,66
Px-11 PRX-11 Peroxidase-11. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating a cluster of four adjacent peroxidase bands. The heterozygote has five bands. See Px-12. 25
Px-12 PRX-12 Peroxidase-12. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating a cluster of four adjacent peroxidase bands. The heterozygote has five bands. See Px-11. 25
Px-21 Px2A

Prx2

 Peroxidase-21. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating a cluster of three adjacent peroxidase bands. The heterozygote Px-21 Px-22 has 4 bands. See Px-22<./em> 9,18
Px-22 Px2B

Prx2

 Peroxidase-22. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating a cluster of three adjacent peroxidase bands. See Px-21. 9,18
r – red stem. Red pigment under epidermis of stems, especially at nodes; tan seed color (in PI 157083). 3 3, 52
ri – ridge. Ridged fruit surface, recessive to ridgeless. (ri+ in Pearl, ri in C68). 77
s – sutures. Presence of vein tracts (“sutures”); recessive to ribless. 1
Sfl S Subtended floral leaf. the floral leaf bearing the hermaphrodite flowers is sessile, small and enclose the flower. (Sfl in makuwa, Sfl in Annamalai). 30
si-1 b short internode-1. Extremely compact plant habit (bush type) (in UC Topmark bush). 1 19
si-2 – short internode-2. Short internodes from ‘birdnest’ melon (in Persia 202). 60
si-3 – short internode-3. Short internodes in ‘Maindwarf’ melon. 45
Skdh-11 – Shikimate dehydrogenase-1. Oneof two codominantalleles, each regulating one band (see Skdh-12). 9
Skdh-12 – Shikimate dehydrogenase-1. One of two codominant alleles, each regulating one band. (see Skdh-12) 9
So – Sour taste. Dominant to sweet 46
sp – Spherical fruit shape. Recessive to obtuse; dominance incomplete. 1,50
st – striped epicarp. Recessive to non-striped. 32
v – virescent. Pale cream cotyledons and hypocotyls; yellow green foliage (mainly young leaves). 11 35
v-2 – virescent-2 21
Vat – Virus aphid transmission resistance. Resistance to the transmission of viruses by Aphis gossypii (in PI 161375). 2 65
w – white color of mature fruit. Recessive to dark green fruit skin. (w in honeydew, w+ in Smiths’ Perfect cantaloupe). 36
wf – white flesh. Recessive to salmon. wf+ epistatic to gt+ gf. 37,10
Wi – White color of immature fruit. Dominant to green. 46
Wt – White testa. Dominant to yellor or tan seed coat color. 32
Y – Yellow epicarp. Dominant to white fruit skin. 32
yg y yellow green leaves. Reduced chlorophyll content. 6 84
ygW lg yellow green Weslaco. First described as light green in a cross Dulce x TAM-Uvalde. Allelic to yg. 13
yv – yellow virescence. Pale cotyledons; yellow green young leaves and tendrils; bright and yellow petals and yellow stigma; etiolated; older leaves becoming green. 1 85
yv-2 – yellow virescence-2. Young leaves yellow green, old leaves normal green. 68
Zym – Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus resistance. Resistance to pathotype 0 of this virus (in PI 414723). 4 67

CGC Gene List Committee:

  • Cucumber: T.C. Wehner
  • Muskmelon: M. Pitrat
  • Watermelon: B.B. Rhodes
  • Cucurbita spp. : R.W. Robinson, M.G. Hutton
  • Other genera: R.W. Robinson

Literature Cited

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