Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America – Lettuce (A-L)

Lists 1-27 Combined

Edited by Edward J. Ryder, James D. McCreight, Beiquan Mou

U.S. Agricultural Research Station
1636 East Alisal Street
Salinas, CA 93905

98-A – Breeder: Central Valley Seeds. Vendor: Siegers Seed Co. Characteristics: heavy romaine; dark green and tall with an approximate maturity of 62 days; easy to pack with little breakage and excellent arrival. 1998.

504 Green (Lettuce MI) – Breeder: D. Mitchell. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Greenleaf with bright glossy green color. Resistance: none listed. Similar: no cultivar like it. Adaptation: Yuma Arizona, coastal and Huron California. 1997.

Acacia – Breeder: Select Seed of California. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, medium leaf thickness, dark green color, flat ribs, black seed. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, pink rib; tolerance to heat and frost. Similar: Empire. 1984.

Acclaim – Breeder and vendor: Orsetti Seed Company, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated.

Acropolis (SSC 1501) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: sure-heading, hot season cultivar with remarkable uniformity and consistent performance; produces large, dark green plant frames that provide good head protection; reliably makes large, flattened-round heads with a very smooth shape; large size and thick, crisp texture ensure high yields; very good internal quality. Resistance: tipburn and bolting tolerance. Adaptation: Imperial Valley, California, Yuma, Arizona. 2004.

Admiral Cos (G x 811)) – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: very dark colored Romaine with smooth leaf, large size, wide girth. Similar: Darkland Cos. Adaptation: coastal California and San Joaquin Valley. 1999.

Alamo – Breeder: University California, Davis. Vendor: USDA and University California, Davis. Parentage: contains PI 91532 a downy mildew resistant Lactuca serriola introduction from Russia. Characteristics: crisphead type, larger than Empire and Winterhaven, firm, good color, darker green than Winterhaven, large core, attractive butt, seedstalk is low, white seed, no tipburn observed. Resistance: russet spotting, downy mildew. 1978.

Alaska – Breeder: Plant Industry Sta., USDA, Beltsville, Md. Parentage: a complex hybrid. Characteristics: very large, dark green, slow bolting, crisp head. Resistance: tipburn and anthracnose in Alaska. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: Alaska.

Allegiance (SSC 30390) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Baja. Adaptation: California, Arizona, and butter lettuce production regions. 1999.

Alpi – Breeder and vendor: Nunhems. Characteristics: cos type, dark green, crispy, upright leaves, firm heads well closed, vigorous, very uniform. 1991.

Amaral 78 – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; glossy green wrapper leaves and dark butt color. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: California. PVP Certificate No. 7800082. 1979.

Amaral 400 – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; uniformity for heading and bolt tolerance, white seed and firm texture. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: California. PVP Certificate No. 7800083. 1979.

Amarillo (GX 106) – Breeder: Jody Grossen. Vendor: Seminis-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: large size butter head, medium to light green color, smooth leaf surface, good bolt tolerance. Resistance: downy mildew 1-16. Similar: Esmeralda. Adaptation: California. 2000.

Amathus – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: cos type, dark green with large frame, closed heads, good color, slow bolting, white seed. Similar: Parris Island Cos. 1991.

Amaze – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Characteristics: A red Little Gem with excellent uniformity and impressive color; it produces plants with glossy, maroon-red external leaves and an attractive yellow interior; the leaves have a soft, buttery texture and have no red speckling as other red Little Gems. Resistance: Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VI / BL 1–16, 19, 21, 23). Similar: Dazzle, but Amaze produces slightly smaller plants. Utility Patent 7,453,026 and Plant Breeder’s Right pending. 2012.

Amazon (HMS 7550) – Breeder: Philip Sarreal. Vendor: Harris Moran Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: very vigorous frame; large heavy head, dark green butterhead type. Resistance: downy mildew pathotypes 1, 2, and 3; LMV. Similar: Tania. Adaptation: coastal and desert California; Yuma, Arizona. 2000.

Andros – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, erect with dark green, blistered leaves. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Valmaine. 1988.

Annapolis (SSC 1332) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: red romaine type developed for baby leaf salads; glossy, deep wine-red color; medium-broad, club shaped leaf with slightly wavy leaf margins and light serration along the stem; slightly blistered at the 4th true leaf; pliable texture. Resistance: downy mildew (pathotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV, V). Similar: Infantry. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce growing regions. 2004.

Annie – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, excellent green color and leaf texture, good heading ability. Similar: Early Giant, Vanguard. 1993.

Anthem (SSC 30380) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Baja. Adaptation: California, Arizona, and butter lettuce production regions. 1999.

Anuenue – Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: Manoa x Great Lakes 1-14-5-2. Characteristics: forms a 1 pound or more head in low elevations in Hawaii; superior to Great Lakes in quality. Resistance: tipburn, early bolting. Similar: Manoa (Green Mignonette). Adaptation: lowland conditions in Hawaii. 1954.

Anza – Breeder: University California, Davis. Vendor: USDA and University California, Davis. Characteristics: crisphead type, head size smaller than 24, firm, good color, large core, flat butt, very low seedstalk, white seed. Resistance: downy mildew, moderately susceptible to russet spotting. 1978.

Aquarius – Breeder and vendor: Sakata. Characteristics: butterhead type, semi-loose head. Similar: Boston. 1990.

Arizona 44 – Breeder: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. Vendor: Arizona Crop Improvement Assn. and the Blalack Seed Co. Parentage: Imperial 44 selection. Characteristics: all characters more uniform, higher yield, slightly earlier. Resistance: brown blight, and bolting. Similar: Imperial 44. Adaptation: southwest United States. Progressive Agr. V.2. 1953.

Arizona 90 – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds. Characteristics: crisphead type, matures 2-3 days earlier than Winterhaven, large frame and head, leaf thicker than Climax, leaf color darker than Vanguard 75, large slightly pointed butt, very smooth ribs, black seed. Resistance: pink rib, tipburn; tolerance to heat and frost. Similar: Vanguard. 1991.

Arizona 152 – Breeder: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. Vendor: Arizona Crop Improvement Assn. Parentage: Imperial 152 selection. Characteristics: large, uniform and good color. Resistance: brown blight. Similar: Imperial 152. Adaptation: southwestern United States. Progressive Agr. V.2.

Arizona 615 – Breeder: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. Vendor: Arizona Crop Improvement Assn., and the Blalack Seed Co. Parentage: Imperial 615 selection. Characteristics: uniform in size, shape, and maturity, high yield. Resistance: brown blight. Similar: Imperial 615. Adaptation: southwestern United States. Progressive Agr. V.2. 1953.

Armada (SSC 30352) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Red Salad Bowl. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 1999.

Artillery (SSC 30421) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: light green colored Salad Bowl type; smooth textured and highly undulated leaves; developed for production as a baby leaf component in spring mix salads; suited for organic and conventional productions. Resistance: downy mildew resistance (pathotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV and V). Similar: Standard Green Oak Leaf. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce production regions. 2001.

Athena (29705) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. Adaptation: North America. 1997.

Augustus – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: cos type, excellent uniformity, medium green head, large thick slightly savoyed leaves. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus, tipburn, corky root rot. 1990.

Autumn Gold – Breeder: E.J. Ryder. Vendor: USDA, ARS; Salinas, California. Characteristics: crisphead type, Vanguard x Empire, large frame and head, thick, bright green leaves, large rounded butt, better head shape than Empire, less spiraling, fewer pointed butts, tendency to be somewhat ribby, black seed. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, mosaic, tolerance to heat. Similar: Vanguard. 1987.

Bacardi – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden.

Badger (GS 6598531) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Vanguard type iceberg with medium color, good weight and texture; this variety is vigorous and sure heading; ideally suited for the late Merit slot (sowing dates 9/28 to 10/15). Similar: Desert Storm. Adaptation: NAFTA – Desert Southwest. 2002.

Ballon – Breeder: Vilmorin. Vendor: Cook’s Garden. Characteristics: large, pale European romaine, fine textured and heat tolerant. Similar: Eiffel Tower. 1883.

Bandit (SSC 1611) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: OP. Characteristics: a very uniform and highly disease tolerant romaine; it produces heavy plants with a thick, moderately blistered leaf texture; trimmed plants are 12–13 inches tall and have an upright structure with a compact base and straight ribs; develops a darker green color than standard PICs; tends to cup-in at maturity and makes nice, dense hearts; its heavy weight, combined with an excellent shape and disease tolerance to Lettuce Dieback, Cork Root and Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VI) make Bandit the ideal choice for problem fields. Similar: N/A. Resistance: Downy Mildew I–VI, Lettuce Dieback, Corky Root. Adaptation: All lettuce production regions. 2005.

Barnburner – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, good heading ability, dark green. Similar: Red Coach 74. 1993.

Batallion (SSC 30422) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a triple red Lollo Rossa that produces dark, maroon colored leaves with very frilly leaf margins; an excellent component in baby leaf salds; downy mildew resistance (pathotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV, V). Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Mercury. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce growing regions. PVP: none. 1999.

Bazooka (E28514) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Iceberg lettuce. Resistance: downy mildew races 1-16. 1999.

Bellagreen – Breeder: Dr. G. Emery. Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: leaf type, uniform in growth and maturity, smooth dark leaves, very attractive glossy color, distinctly more vigorous than Dark Green Boston. Similar: Dark Green Boston. PVP. 1988.

Bellaverde Great Lakes – Breeder and vendor: Waldo Rohnert Co., Gilroy, Calif. Parentage: Great Lakes. Characteristics: extra dark-green color, non-bolting. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: western areas. 1957.

Bennett – Breeder and vendor: Nunhems. Characteristics: excellent color; high yields; crisp leaf texture. 2005.

Beretta (SSC 1121) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: romaine type with consistent performance over a wide range of growing conditions in coastal California and the desert southwest; produces large, dark green plants with an upright structure; leaves have faint blistering, smooth margins and no tendency to cup; plants are 12.5-13 inches tall and weigh 1.75 lb; highly tolerant to tipburn; ideal for prepared salads, carton pack and whole leaf products. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce production regions. PVP. 2003.

Bermuda (SSC 1309) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: uniform and widely adapted green leaf type; consistent production of heavy plants with highly frilled, medium-dark green leaves; its supple ribs minimize harvest and packing damage thereby providing better overall quality; good bolting and tipburn tolerance (not suited for slots with high temperature extremes). Similar: a standard green leaf lettuce. Adaptation: all production regions. 2005.

Bidwell (SSC 2985) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a romaine variety with dark green leaves for baby leaf production. Resistance: Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VIII / BL 1–20, 22–25, 27). Adaptation: all lettuce growing regions. 2012.

Big Ben M.T. – Breeder and vendor: Pybas Vegetable Seeds. Characteristics: spring and fall variety lettuce; features excellent corky root resistance; produces large, heavy heads; exceptional yield. Resistance: tolerance to sclerotinia; tip burn resistance. 1998.

Big Star – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a green leaf variety with a medium to large frame and a impressive butt and midrib appearance at harvest time; it is very pliable at harvest while exhibiting non-heading abilities with extremely dark green plant color; its strong holding abilities past harvest stage will improve its leaf count while maintaining product quality and weight. Resistance: possesses a strong bolting and tip-burn resistance under extremely warm temperatures with long day lengths. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce production regions. PVP #200,200,013 (issued 12/12/2005). 2001.

Billabong (XP 9200037) – Breeder: Tom McBride. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Asgrow. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: export quality Iceberg, very uniform, high quality heads with smooth well rounded heads and small core. Resistance: CRR. Similar: Top Gun. Adaptation: Salinas Valley California. 1999.

Bismark – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: early winter harvest in the desert southwest, good heading ability, improved size and leaf texture. Similar: Early Giant. 1994.

Bix (XP 5228) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; uniform, with small core. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: Coastal growing areas of California. 1986.

Blackjack M.T. – Breeder and vendor: Pybas Vegetable Seeds. Characteristics: unique and extremely dark red leaf surface lettuce; especially suited for baby leaf and gourmet lettuce products; in the early stages of growth, the entire plant is dark burgundy in color. 1998.

Blockbuster (SSC 1370) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: vigorous, Salinas type for early season; consistent production of large, heavy heads with a full-round, symmetrical shape; heads have medium-large butt, short core and flat ribs; its large, bright green plant frame offers excellent head protection. Resistance: big vein. Similar: Pacific. Adaptation: all lettuce growing regions. PVP pending. 2004.

Blonde Romaine (XP-515) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; very slow bolting Romaine type for summer and fall culture. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Blonde Lent. Adaptation: wide. 1980.

Blonde Romaine 79 (XP 4004) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; slow bolting Romaine type for summer and fall culture. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Paris Island Cos. Adaptation: wide. PVP. 1980.

Blush – Breeder: W. Waycott and E.J. Ryder. Vendor: USDA, ARS; Salinas, California. Characteristics: crisphead type, mini-size, dull, dark green outer leaves slightly darker than Salinas parent, soft texture, leaf surface blistered, green pigment close to core, creamy yellow interior, tinge of red on the outer leaves, spherical to slightly flattened head, flat butt and ribs, small core, bases of leaves overlap well, black seed. Resistance: less prone to tipburn; susceptible to lettuce mosaic, cucumber mosaic, turnip mosaic, big vein, corky root rot, Sclerotinia. 1992.

Bonanza – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, large, adapted to early planting periods in the coastal areas of California, gray-green color with round heads, good cap leaf coverage. Resistance: big vein. Similar: Pacific, Salinas. 1991.

Brave Heart (PS 4837) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds. Parentage: F1 hybrid. Characteristics: Romaine, tall, compact, either for normal harvest or hearts. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Gladiator. Adaptation: United States. 2001.

Brigade (SSC 30382) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Little Gem. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 1999.

Bronco – Breeder and vendor: Coastal. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, moderate ribs, black seed. Resistance: downy mildew California pathovars 1, 2A, 3; corky root. Similar: Salinas. 1994.

Bronze Beauty – Breeder and vendor: Germain’s, Los Angeles. Parentage: unknown. Characteristics: a leaf lettuce with long narrow leaves, margins deeply lobed and scalloped, light-green color overlaid with warm ruddy bronze sheen; produces compact plants. Similar: Oak Leaf. Adaptation: wide. 1947.

Brune d’Hiver – Vendor: Cook’s Garden. Characteristics: hardy, delicately bronzed pale green. Similar: Rouge d’Hiver, Butterhead. 1865.

Bubba (XP 559) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Asgrow. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Iceberg lettuce of Vanguard type adapted for late winter production; has a large frame and head size and medium green color when compared to Kofa; planting schedule: Yuma in October or November; Huron in November. PVP #980003. 2003.

Bullet (GX 820) – Breeder: Jodi Grosser. Vendor: Seminis-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Romaine, medium size, dark green colored leaves, leaf surface moderately blistered. Similar: PIC. Adaptation: west coast and southwest U.S. 1999.

Bullseye – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, medium green, very firm head, smooth butt. Resistance: tipburn; downy mildew California pathotypes 1, 2, 3. 1990.

Burbank Fancy Blend – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee and Co. 1999

Burgandy Ice – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee and Co. 1999.

Burpee Greenhart (Grand Rapids) – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee Co., Philadelphia. Parentage: selection from Grand Rapids. Characteristics: longer standing, slightly lighter green color and more frilled leaf margins. Similar: Grand Rapids or Slobolt. Adaptation: wide. Burpee Catalog. 1953.

Burpeeana – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Parentage: heirloom cultivar claimed to have originated around Lancaster 80 years ago. Characteristics: much longer standing and makes more decided head than Bibb and does not get bitter in hot weather. Resistance: bolting. Similar: Bibb. Adaptation: wide. Burpee Catalog. 1957-58.

Burpee’s Celtuce – Breeder and vendor: Atlee Burpee Co., Philadelphia. Parentage: form of Lactuca sativa, called Song Tsa, from Carter D. Holton, Kiansu Province, China. Characteristics: a form of lettuce in which the main stalk elongates and is edible; the leaves can be used as lettuce. Adaptation: fairly wide, but does best in cool climates. Burpee Catalog. 1942.

Burton (SSC 2986) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a green leaf variety for baby leaf production; unique shape and crunchy texture. Resistance: Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VIII / BL 1–28). Adaptation: all lettuce growing regions. 2012.

Butter King (Ottawa Selection 211118) – Breeder: Ottawa Res. Sta., Ottawa, Ont., Canada. Parentage: Rosh Zahav x Yarkan. Characteristics: large heads, vigorous, uniformly slow to bolt and to develop tipburn and bitterness; later than known butterhead cultivars. Similar: White Boston. Adaptation: wide. Can. J. Plant Sci. 1966.

Buttercrunch (B-41) – Breeder: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Characteristics: somewhat like Bibb but much larger; slow to bolt. Dept. Veg. Crops Mimeo. 123, June 1964.

Cabernet Red – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: leaf type, red, excellent texture and dark color, pliable leaves. Resistance: bolting. Similar: Big Red. 1993.

Cabrillo – Breeder and vendor: Moran Seeds. Parentage: Mesa 659 x Merit. Characteristics: open pollinated; dark green large heads and butt, best results in warm weather maturity. Similar: Merit. Adaptation: California coastal and inland valleys. PVP Certificate No. 7400071. 1973.

Cadet (SSC 1865) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: OP. Characteristics: an oak leaf lettuce that produces attractive, wine-red colored leaves with good texture; baby leaves have a medium-broad shape and smooth, wavy margins. Resistance: downy Mildew (CA pathotypes I–VI). Similar: unknown. Adaptation: all lettuce production areas. 2005.

Cal K-60 (XP-F406A4) – Breeder and vendor: Moran Seeds. Parentage: selection from Calmar. Characteristics: open pollinated; more concentrated maturity and slightly earlier than Calmar. Resistance: downy mildew, tipburn. Similar: Calmar. PVP Certificate No. 7400014. 1972.

Calendar (22503) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. Adaptation: North America.

Calicel – Breeder: USDA, University California, Davis. Characteristics: crisphead type, extremely uniform, medium green, round, firm, solid heads covered with wrapper leaves. Resistance: downy mildew, big vein; susceptible to turnip mosaic. Similar: Great Lakes. 1971.

Calmaia – Breeder and vendor: Moran Seeds. Parentage: selection from Calmar. Characteristics: open pollinated; better concentration, earlier and smaller heads than Calmar. Resistance: downy mildew, tipburn. Similar: Calmar. Adaptation: late spring in California, coastal valleys. PVP Certificate No. 7400013. 1972.

Calmar (59-572-M IV) – Breeder: Univ. of Calif., Davis. Vendor: Univ. of California and USDA. Parentage: Great Lakes A-36 x (Great Lakes 6238 x USDA 45325). Characteristics: typical Great Lakes type, crisphead cultivar, medium to dark green wrapper leaves, very little tendency to produce spiraled heads, slightly faster bolting than Great Lakes 118, white seed. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Great Lakes 118. Adaptation: California’s coastal areas. Univ. of Calif., May 13, 1963.

Calrey – Breeder: University California, Davis. Vendor: USDA, University California, Davis. Parentage: contains PI 91532 a downy mildew resistant Lactuca serriola introduction from Russia. Characteristics: crisphead type, dark glossy green, frame and outer wrapper leaves may be slightly bronze in color, firm, better weight than Calmar, smooth butt, good color, large cores, attractive, low seedstalk, white seed. Resistance: tipburn, downy mildew; susceptible to russet spotting. 1976.

Calrico – Breeder: University California, Davis. Vendor: USDA, University California, Davis. Parentage: contains PI 91532 a downy mildew resistant Lactuca serriola introduction from Russia. Characteristics: crisphead type, head color medium to dark green, head solidity good, firmer than Calmar, butts have good color, large cores, attractive, seedstalk varies from medium to low, white seed. Resistance: downy mildew, tipburn, russet spotting. 1976.

Calsweet (E4217) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; uniform maturity, sweet. Resistance: downy mildew (common strain of Salinas Valley). Similar: Calmar and Montemar. Adaptation: Pacific coastal areas. PVP Certificate No. 7800089. 1978.

Cannery Row (GX 605) – Breeder: Debbie Mitchell. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: dark green Salinas type. Resistance: big vein. Similar: Spreckels. Adaptation: Early Salinas. 1998.

Cannon (XP 993) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; crisphead type, for warmer-season production. Similar: Fairton. Adaptation: Eastern United States lettuce production areas. 1986.

Capistrano (PS 77393 MI) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Romaine with excellent uniformity; open plant habit, very attractive dark green, slow bolting, wide harvest window. Similar: unlike other cultivars, unique. Adaptation: southwest U.S. PVP. 1998.

Capri – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: cos type, more erect, larger frame than Parris Island Cos. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus tolerant. Similar: Parris Island Cos. 1988.

Captain Cos (G x 805) – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: dark green Romaine with blistered leaves, narrow base, solid heart. Resistance: corky root. Similar: King Henry. Adaptation: desert southwest U.S. 1999.

Caravan (XP 92) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co., New Haven, Conn. Characteristics: Great Lakes type with exceptionally dark green color; white seeded. Similar: Merit. Adaptation: warm areas of California and the Southwest. Asgrow, Your Crops, Fall, 1961.

Cavalry (SSC 30496) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew races 1 to 5. Similar: Red Rage. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 2000.

Centennial – Breeder: T.W. Whitaker and J.D. McCreight. Vendor: USDA, Agric. Res. Stn., Salinas, California. Characteristics: crisphead type, small, uniform maturity, excellent head shape and conformation, excellent internal structure, leaves arranged in a symmetrical, spiral pattern, bolts readily. Resistance: downy mildew, tipburn.

Center/Cut – Breeder and vendor: Orsetti Seed Co.  Adaptation: U.S.  2005.

Cerise – Vendor: Johnny’s. Characteristics: crisphead type, medium green outer leaves heavily over-laden with a warm, shiny red color.

Champion – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a vigorous iceberg lettuce that produces large plants with good head cover, short cores, good texture, and a fresh green color. Resistance: downy mildew (CA pathotypes I–VIII) and corky root.

Chaparral (3303) – Breeder and vendor: Keystone Seed Co. Parentage: Merit 3186 x Calmar BC5-S2. Characteristics: open pollinated; Merit type but resistant to downy mildew (race 5). Resistance: downy mildew, tipburn. Similar: Merit. Adaptation: California, Arizona. 1977.

Charled (SX 9568LT) – Breeder: Aad van der Arend. Vendor: Sunseeds. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: medium size, closed base, slow bolting, tip burn tolerant. Resistance: BLI 3-10, 14-22. Adaptation: greenhouse. 2001.

Chesibb (MSU 16) – Breeder: Michigan State Agr. Expt. Sta., East Lansing. Parentage: Chestnut 5-B x Bibb. Characteristics: greenhouse type, 2 weeks earlier and lighter green than Bibb; small soft head; one week earlier than Bibb on muck soil. Adaptation: greenhouse and muck soil in the midwest. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Rpt. 1969.

Cheyenne (FMX2257) – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: medium to large frame, dark green leaves; refined appearance, excellent for export market. Resistance: downy mildew, California pathotype 3. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: late; desert. 2000.

Cinnamon Red – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran. Characteristics: butterhead type, blistery leaves. Similar: Mereille de Quatre Saison.

Citation (XP 71) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Parentage: Chestnut Early Giant x GL 118. Characteristics: dark green butterhead, retains sweet flavor under stress. Resistance: bolting. Similar: Dark Green Boston. Adaptation: general. 1975.

Citori (SSC 1128) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: produces uniform, tall and upright plants with very good weight; medium green leaves have smooth margins and a lightly savoyed texture; a compact base and straight ribs make for an attractive shape; thick, blanched hearts. Resistance: corky root. Similar: Parris Island cos. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce growing regions. 2004.

Classic (XP 5171) – Breeder: K. Bixby. Vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; crisphead type, uniform fall lettuce. Resistance: Lettuce Mosaic Virus. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: California San Joaquin Valley, fall production. 1986.

Clemente – Vendor: Royal Sluis. Characteristics: Romaine type. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus. 1992.

Cleopatra – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Adaptation: California, Arizona, Mexico. 1999.

Climax – Breeder: USDA, Beltsville, Md. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: original parents included Imperial 847, Cosbia, Grand Rapids, and Salamander. Characteristics: holds good green color well, large size. Resistance: tipburn (partial) and rib discoloration. Adaptation: Imperial Valley, Calif. 1959.

Coach Supreme M.T. – Breeder and vendor: Pybas Vegetable. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, medium to thick leaves, large butt, smooth ribs, black seed. Resistance: bolting, pink rib, tipburn, big vein; tolerance to heat, frost. Similar: Vanguard. 1993.

Colossus (SSC 30376) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: big vein, downy mildew races 2B, 3, 4. Similar: Winterhaven. Adaptation: southwestern U.S. desert.

Commander (Expt. 0971) – Breeder and vendor: Keystone Seed Co. Parentage: Climax 84 x Calmar. Characteristics: open pollinated; much earlier and more sure heading than Climax 84; has exhibited sure headedness in western coastal and desert areas; size, head shape, and color all are very good. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Climax 84. Adaptation: western United States, coastal and desert. PVP Certificate No. 7900067. 1979.

Concept (BOX 9052) – Breeder and vendor: Orsetti Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: mildly savoyed, Romaine-like green leaf type; heavy butterhead texture; dark color; excellent pliability; supple leaves resist cracking and bruising; leaves are approximately the same dimension throught the head; suited for whole leaf market as well as fresh market. Adaptation: U.S. 2001.

Condor – Breeder, vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: butterhead type, larger size than Dark Green Boston, excellent internal color. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: Esmeralda. 1992.

Conquest – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: F1 hybrid, extremely large frame size. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: spring harvest in Arizona and California. 1979.

Conquistador (PX 0136) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Characteristics: dark green Romaine; very uniform maturing, well suited for winter harvest, for fresh pack and hearts. Resistance: corky root rot. Similar: Green Towers. Adaptation: desert southwest U.S. 1999.

Cool Breeze – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame, thick, large, smooth butt, medium ribs, black seed, dark green blistered leaves, well shaped heads, very uniform, large core, good color. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, pink rib, downy mildew pathotype 3; tolerance to frost. Similar: Cool Guard, Vanguard. 1991.

Coolgreen – Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: crisphead type, large head size, dark green from top to bottom of the head and well into the core, large core, flat butt. Resistance: downy mildew 3, tipburn. Similar: Vanguard.

Coolguard (XP505) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; crisphead lettuce of late maturity for cool weather production. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: California. PVP Certificate No. 7900017.

Coolwave – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, 3-4 days earlier than Cool Guard, dark green color, firm, cover leaves for frost protection, very uniform. Similar: Cool Guard, Vanguard. 1990.

Cornerstone – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: produces a uniform crop of large, medium green iceberg heads protected by a large plant frame; its heads have a smooth, round shape and very crisp leaf texture; large smooth butt. Resistance: downy mildew (CA pathotype I–VI) and corky root. Adaptation: early spring production.

Coronado – Breeder: C. Semences. Vendor: Harris Moran. Characteristics: butterhead type, darker green color and better disease and tipburn resistance than Dark Green Boston. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: Dark Green Boston. 1995.

Corporal (SSC 1856) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: OP. Characteristics: a slow growing red romaine that produces small leaves with an attractive, wine-red color that extends to the base of the leaf; the leaves have the standard romaine shape and are fairly flat but have faintly scalloped leaf margins. Resistance: Downy mildew resistance to be confirmed. Similar: unknown. Adaptation: all lettuce production areas. 2005.

Cortez – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran. Characteristics: butterhead type, very large frame, dark green leaves. Resistance: downy mildew pathotypes 1, 2, 3. Similar: Tania.

Cosberg – Breeder: Bureau of Plant Industry Sta., USDA, Beltsville, Md. Parentage: Iceberg x Paris White. Characteristics: early, thick leaved crisphead, yellow green, high quality. Resistance: heat and tipburn. Adaptation: northern corn belt and southern Canada as an early crop.

Cosmopolitan (PS 654569) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: unique; shape is similar to Romaine but with a thicker and tougher texture than crisphead lettuce with a dark green color; shape of the head is similar to a Romaine heart. Adaptation: coastal California. 2002.

Costaverde (Expt. 3271) – Breeder and vendor: Keystone Seed Co. Parentage: Bellaverde x Calmar. Characteristics: open pollinated; Great Lakes type, large-framed, vigorous plant, quite leafy, providing good sunscald protection, trimmed heads are large, solid, slightly flattened at the poles. Resistance: downy mildew through race 5. Similar: Keystone’s Belleverde. Adaptation: western United States. PVP Certificate No. 7600053. 1977.

Cougar (GX 815) – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Romaine with dark green colored leaves, leaf surface moderately blistered, tall, wide long leaves. Resistance: corky root. Similar: Romo. Adaptation: U.S. west coast and southwest. 1999.

Coyote (GS 6530201) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Vanguard type with medium dark color, short core and large frame; non undulating leaf margin and uniformity; top leaf cover offers good protection from the cold and sun. Similar: Cibola, Accolade. Adaptation: Southwest coastal; California. 2002.

Crispy (XP 480) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; crisp, for spring harvest, maturity one week earlier than Vanguard. Resistance: tolerance to big vein. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: California. PVP Certificate No. 7900016. 1979.

Crispy Frills – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee and Co.

Crissy (E26700) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: cross between a red leaf and a Lollo Rosa. Resistance: DMR 1-16. Adaptation: California, Arizona. PVP. 1999.

Cupid – Breeder: Leen de Mos Vegetable Seeds. Vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Green Oak type leaf lettuce; 45-65 day maturity; medium to large heads; light green color; slow bolting. Similar: Salad Bowl. Adaptation: can be cultivated in U.S. if sown in proper season.

Curly Oakleaf – Breeder: Vilmorin. Vendor: Cook’s Garden. Characteristics: known as Feuille de Chene or Foglie di Quercia and used solely as a cutting lettuce; sizable head at maturity if thinned; harvest frequently for best quality. 1881.

Dabora – Breeder and vendor: Nunhems. Characteristics: butterhead type, suitable in spring and autumn cropping, large size, well closed base, less suitable to side shoot production, medium green leaf color. Resistance: downy mildew. 1991.

Dark Green Boston – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calif. Characteristics: darker green than White Boston Butterhead; slightly waved, rumpled leaves. Similar: Cobham Green. Adaptation: general. Ferry-Morse, April 15, 1963.

Darkland Cos – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: this romaine has excellent dark green color, heavy leaf texture; has a smooth midrib and has one of the best appearances when packed. Resistance: strong bolt tolerance; has shown tolerance to big vein and less cupping than other romaines. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce production regions. PVP expired 5/29/2010. 1990.

Daybreak – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, dark green color, good head cover, sure heading ability for early Empire class. Similar: Empire. 1994.

Dazzle – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Characteristics: A red Little Gem with excellent uniformity and impressive color; it produces plants with glossy, maroon-red external leaves and an attractive yellow interior; the leaves have a soft, buttery texture and have no red speckling as other red Little Gems. Resistance: Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VI / BL 1–16, 19, 21, 23). Similar: Amaze, but Dazzle produces slightly larger plants. Utility Patent 7,592,510 and Plant Breeder’s Right pending. 2012.

Deep Red – Breeder: Cartesenga Bros. Vendor: Joseph Harris Co., Inc. Parentage: selection from Prizehead. Characteristics: open pollinated; darker green and deeper bronze color than Prizehead; for early spring and fall crops. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Prizehead. Adaptation: wide. PVP No. 7800086. 1979.

Defender (SSC 30383) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Harris Island Cos. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 1999.

Del Oro – Breeder: D. Sousa. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, mid-winter production in desert southwest United States, large, uniform, dark green color, early to mid-maturity. Resistance: big vein. Similar: Winterhaven.

Del Rey – Breeder: Royal Sluis America. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, thick leaves, medium green, smooth ribs, black seed. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, pink rib, big vein, downy mildew California pathovar 3; tolerance to heat and frost. 1991.

Del Rio – Breeder: D. Sousa. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, large head, excellent uniformity. Resistance: big vein. Similar: Van Mar, Sedona. Adaptation: desert southwest United States

Desert Green – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, dark green, flat to slightly rounded butt, dark green close to core. Resistance: downy mildew pathotype 3. Similar: Merit, RC-74, Honcho.

Desert Pak – Breeder: Brinker-Orsetti. Vendor: Brinker. Characteristics: crisphead type, large head, medium cover, early maturing. Similar: Winterhaven. 1991.

Desert Spring – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds. Characteristics: crisphead with large frame and relatively smooth leaves, medium-sized core diameter, a flat butt appearance. Resistance: tolerant to tipburn. Adaptation: U.S. southwest desert (planting dates: 11/15–12/15). PVP#8900299 (issued 12/31/1991).

Desert Storm – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, dark green glossy leaves. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus, downy mildew pathotype 3; tolerance to heat. Similar: El Toro.

Desperado (G x 630) – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: medium sized, sure heading iceberg, medium green color, good head coverage. Similar: Spector. Adaptation: San Joaquin Valley California; Annie slot. 1999.

Diamond – Breeder and vendor: Coastal. Characteristics: crisphead type, medium to large frame and head, smooth ribs, tan seed. Resistance: downy mildew California pathovars 1, 2A, 3. Similar: Salinas. 1994.

Dingo (XP 9200138) – Breeder: Bernie Hamel. Vendor: Seminis-Asgrow. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: medium blue green, medium height, 75 days, heat tolerant, widely adapted, use for early desert harvest. Resistance: downy mildew, corky root rot. Similar: Packman. Adaptation: U.S. southwestern desert, northeastern U.S., Mexico. 2000.

Diplomat – Breeder: Bruce Church. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, thick, dark green leaves. Resistance: pink rib, tipburn, bolting; tolerance to heat, frost. Similar: Empire. 1979.

Domineer (MSU 21) – Breeder: Michigan AES, East Lansing. Vendor: various seedsmen. Parentage: Grand Rapids H54 Chestnut 5B. Characteristics: vigorous, stocky upright plants. Leaves slightly darker but less edge frill than Grand Rapids; 7 to 10 days earlier than Grand Rapids in greenhouse; does well outside. Similar: Grand Rapids. Adaptation: greenhouse. Michigan AES Res. Rpt. 163.

Domingos 41 – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; dark green color, smooth butt. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Great Lakes 66. PVP Certificate No. 7400019. 1979.

Domingos 42 – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; dark green butt color and outstanding butt appearance. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: spring for Arizona and Imperial and San Joaquin valleys. PVP Certificate No. 7600008. 1979.

Domingos 43 – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; large frame size and dark-green color. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: mid-winter and early spring for Arizona and Imperial and San Joaquin valleys. PVP Certificate No. 7600003. 1979.

Don Daniel – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds. Parentage: Vanguard 75. Characteristics: crisphead type, matures 4 to 6 days earlier than Vanmax types, medium to large frame, large round to flat head, leaf thickness same as Winterhaven, medium green, very impressive butt, ribs smooth with wide petioles, black seed. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, mosaic, big vein, downy mildew California pathovars 1, 2, 3. Similar: Vanguard. 1991.

Don Juan – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran. Characteristics: crisphead type. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus. Similar: Salinas. 1989.

Dynasty – Breeder: Haruo Sakamoto. Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: crisphead type. Resistance: downy mildew races 7, 8. Similar: Calmar, Montemar. 1985.

E4226 (EA226) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; outstanding uniformity of maturity. Resistance: tolerance to frost and sunburn. Similar: Climax. Adaptation: southwestern desert and San Joaquin valley, California. 1981.

Eastern Lakes – Breeder and vendor: Eastern States Farmers’ Exchange, W. Springfield, Mass. Parentage: selection from Cornell 456 by W.M. Ichell, Rockville, Conn. and by E.S. Characteristics: early, larger, harder head than Cornell 456. Adaptation: northeast. 1962 E.S. catalog.

El Toro (Expt. 849) – Breeder and vendor: Moran Seeds. Characteristics: open pollinated; vigorous early season growth, large heads, deep green attractive butt, improved flavor, for early spring harvest in coastal valleys. Resistance: big vein, tolerant of tipburn. Adaptation: coastal and lettuce production areas. PVP No. 8200027. 1981.

Elegante – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds. Characteristics: crisphead type, matures 3-4 days earlier than Winterhaven, large frame, medium to large round head, leaf thickness same as Winterset, medium green color, extremely large core, smooth white ribs, white seed. Resistance: tolerance to frost. Similar: Vanguard, Winterhaven. 1992.

Emerald – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: selection from 428. Characteristics: flatter rib than 428, more vigorous and darker color. Adaptation: United States. 1955.

Emperor (E9276) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; concentrated maturity. Resistance: tolerance to tipburn. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: southwest desert and San Joaquin valley, California. 1981.

Empire – Breeder: USDA, Beltsville, Md. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: complex hybrid x Great Lakes 407. Characteristics: extremely slow to bolt, heads well in warm weather. Resistance: tipburn and rib discoloration. Similar: Lakeland. Adaptation: muck land of N.E. 1957.

Empire 2000 – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, medium frame, very firm, fairly large core. Resistance: tipburn. 1990.

Empire Select – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Company, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Crisped type; 65-70 day maturity; medium sized head; medium green color; produces uniform, firm heads with good bolting and tipburn tolerance. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: Arizona, California. 1999.

Empress (E5206) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; slow bolting cultivar for Empire season in desert, heads with high wrap and darker than Empire, excellent flavor. Resistance: tolerance to lettuce mosaic; some tolerance to tipburn. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: late August plantings in desert around Yuma. 1978.

Enduro – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: leaf type, frilled, blistered leaves, darker green, slower bolting, shorter stem, more prostrate than Waldmanns Green. Similar: Waldmanns Green. 1989.

Epic – Breeder and vendor: Sakata. Characteristics: dark green leaves. Similar: Ontano. 1992.

Equity – Breeder and vendor: Orsetti Seed Co.  Adaptation: U.S.  2005.

Eruption (E30500) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: bright red Romaine. Similar: Baby Leaf. Adaptation: U.S.

Escort – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. 1999.

Esmeralda – Vendor: Royal Sluis B.V. Characteristics: buttery, lime green heads, yields are good; replaces Canada Boston, slow bolting, butterhead type. Resistance: tipburn, lettuce disorder. 1991.

Excalibur – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a sure heading iceberg type; uniform head size and maturity; smooth round heads have a medium green color and crisp texture; produces heavy heads in the 24’s size range; smooth, symmetrical butt. Resistance: downy mildew (CA pathotype I–VI); tipburn and bolting tolerant. Adaptation: main season production in coastal California. Utility Patent #7,326,829 (issued 2/5/2008). 2006.

Excell – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated; brown seed, greater tipburn tolerance than Empire. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: early fall for Arizona and Imperial Valley and San Joaquin valleys. PVP Certificate No. 7500041. 1975.

Fallgreen – Breeder: Central Valley Seeds. Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: crisphead type, medium frame and butt, medium round head, medium thick leaves, smooth ribs. Resistance: bolting, big vein, tipburn, pink rib; tolerance to frost. 1990.

Fame (XP 5172) – Breeder: K. Bixby. Vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; crisphead type, earlier-maturing than Empire. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: Imperial Valley of California and Yuma, Ariz. 1986.

Fanfare – Breeder: Dr. G. Emery. Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: leaf type, attractive large frame, loose leaves, earlier maturity, improved deep green color compared to Waldmanns Green. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Waldmanns Green. 1988.

Fever – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden.

Fireball – Breeder and vendor: Johnny’s Selected Seeds. Characteristics: more heat tolerant than Red Cross; tastes milder; stays bitter-free longer in hot weather; large, dense heads with creamy yellow centers mature in 51 days. 2005.

Fireglow – Breeder: Leen de Mos Vegetable Seeds. Vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: red Lolla Rossa lettuce, 45-65 days to maturity, medium head size, deep red leaf color and very frilled leaves. Adaptation: can be cultivated in U.S. if sown in proper season. 1999.

Floresta (Tenerife in EEC) – Breeder: K. Bixby. Vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: erect plant. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus. Similar: Brasil 221. Adaptation: Tropics. 1986.

Floricrisp 1265 – Breeder: V.L. Guzman and G.L. Raleigh. Vendor: Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Characteristics: crisphead type, slightly pointed head, compact, medium green wrapper leaves, creamy-green interior, black seed. Resistance: bolting, thermodormancy. 1982.

Floricrisp 1366 – Breeder: V.L. Guzman and G.L. Raleigh. Vendor: Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Characteristics: crisphead type, slightly larger than Floricrisp 1265, slightly pointed head, compact, medium green wrapper leaves, creamy green interior, black seed. Resistance: premature bolting, thermodormancy. 1982.

Focus – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden.

Folsom (SSC 2988) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: a romaine variety with crunchy green leaves for baby leaf production. Resistance: Downy Mildew (pathotypes I–VI, VIII / BL 1–23, 25). Adaptation: all lettuce growing regions. 2012.

Fordhook – Breeder and vendor: W.Atlee Burpee, Philadelphia, Pa. Parentage: selected in field of White Boston. Characteristics: deep bright glossy green leaves that are fleshy and heavily crinkled; upright growing. Similar: Cos, but not folded over top. Adaptation: wide. Burpee Catalog. 1962.

Fortress (SSC 1623) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: OP. Characteristics: a triple-red Lolla Rossa lettuce developed for baby leaf salads; medium to slow vigor, as expected for varieties of this type; leaves have a short, broad leaf shape and frilly margins; produces a uniform crop of wine-red colored leaves with good leaf texture. Similar: Sentry and Sentinel, but with more mildew resistance. Resistance: Downy mildew (Pathotypes I–VI, VIII / BL 1–24). Adaptation: All lettuce production regions. 2005.

Fortuna – Breeder and vendor: Synergene. Characteristics: crisphead type, vigorous, large frame and head, thick crisp leaves, dark glossy green, moderately well covered head, ribby, large butt, wide shoulders on the butt, excess fertilizer and water may promote ribbiness and reduce firmness, dark brown seed. Resistance: tipburn, bolting in proper time slot; tolerance to frost. Similar: Great Lakes. 1989.

Fortunas – Breeder and vendor: Rijk Zwaan. Characteristics: spring to autumn cultivation type; first head lettuce cultivar resistant to Nasonovia ribis-nigri, the green lettuce aphid. 2001.

Forty-Niner (XP 85) – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co., New Haven, Conn. Characteristics: robust, Great Lakes 118 type with better head protection and larger wrapper leaves. Resistance: good to big vein. Adaptation: desert areas for winter; coastal California for spring. Asgrow, Your Crops, Fall. 1961.

Francisco (USDA no. 6583) – Breeder: E.J. Ryder, U.S. Agr. Res. Sta., Salinas, Calif. Parentage: Great Lakes 407 x USDA no. 1157. Characteristics: black seed, high seed production; medium green leaves, firm head, early maturity, uniform, vigorous, good eating quality and slow bolting; cool season cultivar. Resistance: tipburn (moderate). Similar: Golden State group. Adaptation: California Central Coast. 1963.

Fresh/Heart (BOS 9021) – Breeder and vendor: Orsetti Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated.

Frontier – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: F2 hybrid; dark green frame and wrapper leaves. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: San Luis Valley, Colo. 1979.

Fulton (71-4) – Breeder: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Characteristics: slow bolting. Similar: like Oswego, but makes a heavier pack. Veg. Crops Mimeo VC-122, June, 1964.

Garnet – Breeder: Dr. G. Emery. Vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: leaf type, red leaves, color intermediate between Prizehead and Red Sails, white seed. Similar: Red Sails, Prizehead. 1988.

Garrison (SSC 1366) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: red, oak leaf lettuce developed for baby leaf salads; produces medium wine-red colored leaves (double red); narrow, oak leaf shaped leaves have undulating lobes and smooth leaf margins; very supple texture. Resistance: downy mildew (pathotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV, V). Similar: Armada. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce growing regions. 2004.

Gator – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: western type iceberg, large frame and head, leaf is medium blistered with a dark green color. Resistance: corky root; tolerant to tipburn. Similar: no other cultivar. Adaptation: Florida. 1999.

Gaucho – Breeder: Jodi Grossen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Iceberg with dark colored blistered leaves, excellent uniformity and very sure heading. Similar: Bubba. Adaptation: Honcho 2 slot – San Joaquin Valley, California, spring. 1999.

Gem – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: out of 407. Characteristics: like 407 but darker color, smoother base, more uniform. Similar: 407. Adaptation: United States. 1954.

Gemini – Breeder and vendor: Sakata. Characteristics: crisphead type, Ithaca x Salinas, compact head and plant, deep serrated leaf margins, green wrapper color, short core, sweet taste. Similar: Unique. 1990.

Gemstone – Breeder and vendor: ARCO/Dessert Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; dark-green, Savoy loose-leaf lettuce. 1981.

Genecorp Green – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Characteristics: green leaf. 1986.

General (SSC 1878) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: OP. Characteristics: remarkably thick texture and excellent uniformity characterize this green oak leaf lettuce; at baby leaf maturity, its leaves are a bright, lime-green color and have smooth, wavy leaf margins; the leaf shape is medium-broad and multi-lobed; fairly vigorous growth. Resistance: none. Similar: unknown. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 2005.

Giant Caesar – Breeder and vendor: W. Atlee Burpee and Co. 2000.

Gila – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: open pollinated. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Calmar. Adaptation: late fall for Arizona and Imperial Valley. PVP Certificate No. 7600014. 1979.

Gilaben – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, medium thick dark green leaves, smooth ribs, medium butt, black seed. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, pink rib; tolerance to heat, frost. Similar: Vanguard. 1991.

Ginie – Breeder: Leen de Mos Vegetable Seeds. Vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: mini romaine lettuce; 45-70 day maturity; dark green, glossy leaves; very short plant width moderately blistered leaves; very compact mini Cos lettuce. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Little Gem. Adaptation: can be cultivated in U.S. if sown in proper season. 1999.

GL659-700 – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Parentage: selection from GL 659. Characteristics: significantly more resistant to bolting than GL 659. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: GL 659. Adaptation: general. 1972.

Glacier – Breeder: E.J. Ryder and W. Waycott. Vendor: USDA, ARS; Salinas, California. Characteristics: crisphead type, dull, dark green outer leaves slightly paler than Salinas, green color extends close to the core, leaf margins mildly undulate, moderately dentate, strongly ruffled, texture soft, surface crinkled or blistered, outer leaves broader than long, creamy yellow interior, heads firm to hard, butt and ribs flat, black seed. Resistance: corky root; susceptible to bolting, lettuce mosaic virus and big vein. 1991.

Golden Bibb – Breeder and Vendor: Scattini Seeds, Inc. Characteristics: Butterhead. 1985.

Golden State A – Breeder: USDA, Salinas, Calif. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: Great Lakes 407 x complex hybrid. Characteristics: slow bolting, high quality, not ribby, holds well at maturity. Resistance: tipburn and rib discoloration. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: Salinas Valley, Calif. and other western areas. 1958.

Golden State B – Breeder: USDA, Salinas, Calif. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: Great Lakes 407 x complex hybrid. Characteristics: large size, slow bolting, high quality, not ribby, holds well at maturity. Resistance: tipburn and rib discoloration. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: Salinas Valley, Calif. and other western areas. 1958.

Golden State C – Breeder: USDA, Beltsville, Md. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: Great Lakes 407, USDA 4157 (original parents are Imp. 847, Cosbia, Grand Rapids, and Salamander). Characteristics: large size, creamy colored interior, good eating quality. Resistance: tipburn (partial) and rib discoloration. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: Salinas-Watsonville district, Calif. 1959.

Golden State D – Breeder: USDA, Beltsville, Md. Vendor: commercial seedsmen. Parentage: Great Lakes 407, USDA 4157 (original parents are Imp. 847, Cosbia, Grand Rapids, and Salamander). Characteristics: large size, creamy colored interior, good eating quality. Resistance: tipburn (partial) and rib discoloration. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: Salinas-Watsonville district, Calif. 1959.

Granada (G x 903) – Breeder: Debbie Mitchell. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: dark colored red oakleaf used for mesclun mix. Similar: Valencia. Adaptation: U.S. 1997.

Grand Duchess – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Sel, Inc. Characteristics: F2 hybrid; large frame size, dark butt color, and firm texture. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: California. 1979.

Grand Duke – Breeder and vendor: Quali-Seed, Inc. Characteristics: F2 hybrid; bright glossy green color and green butt color. Resistance: none claimed. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: late fall for Arizona and California. 1979.

Grand Rapids Resistant H5-4 (Grand Rapids Resistant) – Breeder: Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Co., Wooster. Vendor: Holmes Seed Co., Canton, Ohio. Parentage: Grand Rapids leaf lettuce from the Ohio Sta. strain (not Washington). Characteristics: leaves more filled than parent. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: Grand Rapids Resistant. Adaptation: greenhouses. Market Growers J. Vol. 84 (6), June 1955.

Grand Teton – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: cos type, large, dark color, heavy weight. Similar: Pyramid Cos. 1994.

Grandeverde Great Lake – Breeder: Waldo Rohnert Co., Gilroy, Calf. Vendor: Aggler and Musser Seed Co. Parentage: single-plant selection Regular Great Lakes. Characteristics: makes large head size during coldest part of growing season. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: western lettuce areas. 1954.

Grandstand – Breeder and vendor: Brinker. Characteristics: crisphead type, large, fall season. Resistance: downy mildew races 1, 3. Similar: Salinas.

Grappa (20507) – Breeder and vendor: Enza Zaden. Parentage: open pollinated. 1997.

Great Lakes – Breeder: Michigan State College, East Lansing, and Horticultural Field Station, USDA, La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: Imp. 152 x Brittle Ice, after four generations of selection, crossed with Imp. 615; released after four more generations of selection. Characteristics: medium size, globular, exposed heads, frame leaves large, thick with glossy green color. Resistance: brown blight and same resistance to tipburn. Similar: 456. Adaptation: spring, summer, and early fall crops. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 881. 1951.

Great Lakes 54 – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calif. Parentage: selection from Great Lakes. Characteristics: good vigor, dark green color, large heads. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: general use. 1951.

Great Lakes 65 – Breeder and vendor: Associated Seed Growers, Inc., New Haven, Conn. Parentage: reselected from Great Lakes 118. Characteristics: slightly earlier than Great Lakes 118. Similar: Great Lakes 118. 1953.

Great Lakes 66 – Breeder and vendor: Associated Seed Growers, Inc., New Haven, Conn. Parentage: Great Lakes 118. Characteristics: later, large framed, color slightly darker than Great Lakes 118. Similar: Great Lakes 118. Adaptation: where Great Lakes can be grown. 1953.

Great Lakes 118 – Breeder and vendor: Associated Seed Growers, Inc., New Haven, Conn. Parentage: Great Lakes. Characteristics: uniformity. Similar: Great Lakes. 1948.

Great Lakes 366 – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calf. Parentage: selection Great Lakes. Characteristics: good size in cool weather. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: wide. 1954.

Great Lakes 407 – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: selected out of USDA release of Great Lakes. Characteristics: dark color, large size even in cold weather, smooth base. 1945.

Great Lakes 407P – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calif. Parentage: developed from a single plant selection. Characteristics: plants large and moderately leafy; heads uniformly large, dark green and round to slightly flattened. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: wide. Ferry-Morse, April 30, 1964.

Great Lakes 428 – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: first true-type selected out of government original release of Great Lakes 1942. Characteristics: smooth leaf, early maturing, very heavy yield. Similar: Premier. 1944.

Great Lakes 659 – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: selected out of USDA original release of Great Lakes. Characteristics: fringy leaves, very slow to go to seed. Resistance: tipburn. Adaptation: United States. 1944.

Great Lakes 6238 – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calif. Parentage: selection from Great Lakes. Characteristics: large dark green head, well-wrapped, dependable market type, but may produce slightly elongated heads under environment favoring this development. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: wide. Ferry-Morse April 30, 1964.

Green Bay (X 162D1) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Characteristics: large, vigorous plants, large head, dark green solid Great Lakes type. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: general, except muck soils. 1966.

Green Beauty – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: butterhead type, large, dark color, loose heading. Similar: Genecrop Boston. 1994.

Green Beret (SSC 1256) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Characteristics: very uniform and widely adapted green leaf type; consistent production of heavy plants with highly frilled, medium-dark green leaves; its supple ribs minimize harvest and packing damage thereby providing better overall quality; good bolting and tipburn tolerance (not suited for slots with high temperature extemes). Similar: Two Star. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce production regions. 2002.

Green Bowl – Breeder: K. Bixby. Vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: leaf type, darker green than Salad Bowl. Similar: Salad Bowl. 1987.

Green Forest – Breeder: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Vendor: Johnny’s Selected Seeds. Characteristics: earlier, a darker green romaine; ribs are smooth so it packs and handles with less damage; a great choice for hearts. Resistance: more tolerant to tip burn and bolting than Green Towers; it is also more tolerant to sclerotinia and corky root. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce production regions. Patent #6,649,815 (issued 11/18/2003). PVP #200,000,013 (issued 2/14/2006). 1998.

Green Ice – Breeder and vendor: W.Atlee Burpee Co. Parentage: selection of cross between Grand Rapids x Fordhook. Characteristics: open pollinated; extremely crisp textured leaf lettuce, dark green and slow to bolt, superior quality and thick heavily savoyed leaves. Resistance: tipburn. Similar: Grand Rapids. Adaptation: wide. PVP Certificate No. 7100001. 1973.

Green Lake – Breeder: Dr. Luis Sequeira. Vendor: Wisconsin Agric. Exp. Stn., Madison, Wisconsin. Characteristics: crisphead type, uniform, large heads, well covered, smooth ribs, flexible bottom leaves. Resistance: bolting, tipburn, rib blight. 1978.

Green Pak – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds. Characteristics: crisphead type, matures 5-7 days earlier than Desert Queen or Empire, small to medium frame and head, very thick dark green leaves, butt similar to Empire, smooth ribs, white seed. Resistance: high heat, tipburn, bolting, frost, pink rib; tolerance to whitefly. Similar: Empire. 1992.

Green Towers (P-20, Expt. 320) – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; early, uniform, concentrated harvest, taller than PI Cos; leaves do not curl in on top at maturity; more intense green color; large attractive butt, good shipping ability. Resistance: Oshita virus disease; tolerant to corky root. Similar: PI Cos. Adaptation: California coastal valleys and Romaine growing areas. PVP No. 8600135. 1985.

Green Vision – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: this green leaf cultivar has excellent non-bolting, non-suckering, and non-heading qualities when compared to other varieties; has excellent dark color, weight, and texture. Adaptation: U.S. lettuce production regions. PVP #9,500,244 (issued 9/30/1999). 1995.

Greenday – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Waldman green leaf type, dark green with uniform frill, medium slow bolting. Resistance: tipburn. 1997.

Greenduke (SSC 2558) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Characteristics: a vigorous Salinas type iceberg variety that produces plants with large frames and nicely shaped heads; heads have good weight and size, crisp texture and a nice medium green color; adapted to cool growing conditions. Resistance: Downy mildew (CA pathotypes I–VI / BL 1–16, 19, 21, 23). Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: All Lettuce growing regions. 2011.

Greenfield (P-20, Expt. 320) – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated; early, uniform, concentrated harvest; leaves do not curl in on top at maturity, more intense green color than PI Cos, good shipping quality. Resistance: Oshita virus disease; tolerance to corky root. Similar: PI Cos. Adaptation: California coastal valleys and Romaine growing areas. PVP No. 8400013. 1985.

Greenland (164F14) – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Parentage: Imperial x Great Lakes. Characteristics: vigorous and should make good size under adverse weather. Similar: Great Lakes. Adaptation: California, Arizona, Texas, and the southeast; not muck soils. 1966.

Grizzly (PS 7328) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: uniform, sure heading crisphead for winter harvest period of the southwestern U.S. deserts; large frame with good head production, good exterior color. Similar: Winterhaven. Adaptation: southwest U.S., Yuma and Imperial Valley. 1999.

Guardiane (SSC 30388) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: New Red Fire. Adaptation: all lettuce production regions. 1999.

Gustoverde (Expt. 3258) – Breeder and vendor: Keystone Seed Co. Parentage: Great Lakes R200-95 x Calmar. Characteristics: open pollinated; earlier and much more sure heading than Calmar, heads well-protected from sunscald; heads bright glossy green and slightly flattened at the poles, flat butts. Resistance: downy mildew through race 5 and tipburn. Similar: Keystone’s Great Lakes R200-95. Adaptation: western United States. PVP Certificate No. 7600054. 1977.

Gypsy – Breeder: Leen de Mos Vegetable Seeds. Vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: 45-70 day maturity; produces medium-dark green leaves with slight blistering; plants are short and compact. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Little Gem. Adaptation: can be cultivated in U.S. if sown in proper season. 1999.

Harmony (SSC 30380) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Baja. Adaptation: California, Arizona, and other butter lettuce production regions.

Heavy Heart (PS 06516262) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: summer romaine is tall yet compact in diameter; slightly dark green in color; slightly closed (producing a heart); has a slightly blistered and large leaf, very little tip burn and bolting tolerant; can be used by processor, fresh market and hearts segments; targeted for the south county in Salinas area; sow dates in Salinas and Santa Maria, California are March 1 to September 1. Similar: Hearts Delight, Bullet. Adaptation: NAFTA – Southwest Coastal U.S. 2004.

Honcho II – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds. Characteristics: a dark green Vanguard-type crisphead variety with a large head; moderately sayoyed, heavily textured leaves. Adaptation: U.S. southwest desert (planting date 10/1–10/15). 1988.

Huron – Breeder: Brinker-Orsetti. Vendor: Brinker. Characteristics: crisphead type, early, large, dark green color. Similar: Vanmax, Empire. 1993.

Ice Cube – Breeder: W. Waycott and E.J. Ryder. Vendor: USDA, ARS; Salinas, California. Characteristics: crisphead type, mini-sized, dull, dark green outer leaves slightly darker than Salinas parent, green pigment close to core, creamy yellow interior, black seed, head spherical to slightly flattened, flat butt and ribs, small core, bases of leaves overlap well, soft texture, leaf surface blistered. Resistance: tipburn; susceptible to lettuce mosaic, cucumber mosaic, turnip mosaic, big vein viruses, corky root rot, Sclerotinia. 1992.

Ideal Cos – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Characteristics: 73 days to maturity, medium green color, tall, upright, smooth, elongated leaves, leaves smoother and heavier than Parris Island Cos; slow to bolt. 1991.

Impact – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: dark green color, uniform, vigorous root system. Resistance: downy mildew pathotypes 1, 2, 3, 4. Similar: Bounty. 1992.

Imperial 17 – Breeder: Univ. of California, Davis, and the Hort. Field Sta., USDA, La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: Grand Rapids x Imperial 13 selected for nine generations. Characteristics: conical large heads with spirally arranged dark green wrapper leaves. Resistance: brown blight. Similar: Imperial 13. Adaptation: winter culture in Imperial Valley, California. USDA Circ. 881. 1951.

Imperial 44 – Breeder: USDA, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y., and Hort. Field Station, USDA, La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: Imp. 152, a derivative of a cross between May King and Imp. 3 line. Characteristics: medium green color, medium size, round head semi-bald, slight savoying of frame leaves. Resistance: brown blight, some resistance to tipburn. Similar: Imperial 152. Adaptation: spring and fall crops in southwest, eastern United States. USDA Circ. 596. 1941.

Imperial 101 – Breeder: a Japanese farmer, stock increased by Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: selection from Imperial 615. Characteristics: larger size, darker color, smoother base. Similar: 615. Adaptation: Imperial Valley, Yuma, and Phoenix. 1943.

Imperial 404 – Breeder and vendor: Dessert Seed Co., El Centro, Calif. Parentage: bred out of Imperial 17. Characteristics: large size even in cold weather. Resistance: cold. Adaptation: winter growing sections. 1950.

Imperial 410 – Breeder: Univ. of Arizona, Tempe, and Horticultural Field Station, La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: Lactuca serriola, Chinese Stem, Imp. D.F. 152 and 847. Characteristics: large, globular heads, frame leaves medium green color, slightly savoyed. Resistance: brown blight and some races of downy mildew. Similar: Imperial 615. Adaptation: winter and spring to Salt River Valley, Ariz. USDA Circ. 881. 1951.

Imperial 847 – Breeder: Horticultural Field Station, USDA, La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: selection from a series of multiple crosses involving New York, Blonde Lente á Monter, Imp. 2 and Imp. 3. Characteristics: medium to large, globular, semi-exposed heads, frame leaves, medium green to dark green. Resistance: brown blight. Similar: Imperial 850. Adaptation: Salinas Valley, Calif., fall culture in inland Valleys of the South Western United States. USDA Circ. 596. 1941.

Imperial 850 – Breeder: Horticultural Field Station, U.S. Dept. Agr., La Jolla, Calif. Parentage: multiple crosses involving New York, Blonde Lente á Monter, Imp. 2, and Imp. 3. Characteristics: medium large, globular, semi-exposed heads, frame leaves, medium green to light green. Resistance: brown blight. Similar: Imperial 847. Adaptation: Salinas Valley of California for summer crop. USDA Circ. 596. 1941.

Imperial K-1 – Breeder and vendor: Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain View, Calif. Parentage: N.Y. 515 x Imperial 615. Characteristics: head size and solidity, for spring harvest only. Similar: Imperial 615. Adaptation: California. 1950.

Infantry (SSC 30513) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: red romaine type that enhances color in baby leaf salads; its leaves have a very dark, red wine color and smooth texture; leaf shape is similar to a typical baby romaine leaf (lobed at the top and tapering at the stem end). Resistance: downy mildew (pathotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV, V). Similar: Bakito. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce growing regions. PVP: none. 2000.

Inland – Breeder and vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame, dark green, uniform. Resistance: bolting, heat. Similar: Empire. 1992.

Invader (GX 607) – Breeder: Debbie Mitchell. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Iceberg type, grayish green color, good bolting tolerance, flat butt, smooth petioles. Similar: Raider. Adaptation: summer coastal areas. 1997.

Ithaca – Breeder: G. Raleigh. Vendor: Cornell Univ. Characteristics: 72 days to maturity, superior iceberg type, tolerate to summer heat, slow to form seed stalks; large, solid tightly wrapped heads stay firm, grows 5-6 inches across; heads all summer, crisp and delicious, never gets rubbery or bitter. Resistance: tipburn and brown rib. 1969.

Jackal (PS 0874 MI) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: Vanguard type crisphead lettuce for spring harvest, good leaf texture and color, high yield potential, good cello appearance. Similar: Vanguard. Adaptation: desert southwest U.S. 1998.

Jacqueline – Breeder: D. Holmes. Vendor: Petoseed. Characteristics: butterhead type, red. Resistance: lettuce mosaic virus, downy mildew. Similar: Esmeralda.

Jade – Breeder: Plant Industry Sta., USDA, Beltsville, Md. Parentage: complex hybrid. Heavily savoyed, dark green, thick leaved, slow bolting Imperial type. Resistance: tipburn and cold injury. Similar: Progress and Imperial 44. Adaptation: southwest as an early fall crop, and to the northeastern states.

Javelina (GS 8365) – Breeder and vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: large heading Merit period Crisphead for the Desert Southwest; produces round heads with good formation and texture; good yield; best seeding dates are September 20 to October 5 for Yuma, and September 20 to 30 for Imperial Valley. Similar: Annie, Raider, Hallmark, Jupiter, Mid Queen, Pico Rico, Fortuna. Adaptation: Desert Southwest U.S. 2002.

Jessica – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: butterhead type, summer crop, light green, very uniform. Resistance: bolting, lettuce mosaic virus. Similar: Floresta. Adaptation: Brazil. 1990.

Kaala – Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: Manoa (Green Mignonette) x Great Lakes 1-8-9-11-2. Characteristics: forms a head weighing 1 to 1.5 pounds in warm low elevations in Hawaii; superior to Great Lakes in quality at lower elevations. Resistance: tipburn; less susceptible to bacterial soft rot than some other local cultivars. Adaptation: lowland conditions in Hawaii. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60:397-400. Dec., 1952.

Kessler – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: an ideal variety for romaine hearts and processing; it produces dark green plants with a very upright habit and straight ribs; its narrow base and dense, blanched center make an attractive romaine heart; the leaves have a strong texture and are moderately savoyed; has good uniformity and weight. Resistance: corky root. Adaptation: performs best under cool growing conditions.

Kindle (SSC 3033) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Characteristics: An attractive Little Gem with very good mildew tolerance; it produces glossy, lime-green plants that feel heavy for their size; the hearts are dense and have a bright yellow color; leaves with smooth margins, very good texture and a pleasant flavor. Resistance: Downy mildew (CA pathotypes I–VI, VIII / BL 1–25, 28). Adaptation: All Lettuce growing regions. 2012.

Kinemontepas – Breeder: Boret. Characteristics: standard summer lettuce in France; slow-bolting, pale green, excellent texture and taste; Butterhead type. 1952.

Klamath (PS 3726) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: dark green tall Romaine, open type, slightly blistered leaf. Resistance: corky root. Similar: Gladiator. Adaptation: coastal California, Salinas Valley. 1999.

Kofa – Breeder and vendor: Synergene. Characteristics: crisphead type, large frame and head, heads well rounded and protected against frost by spiraling wrapper leaves, thick soft leaves, dark dull to glossy green, core relatively small, large butt, smooth ribs, dark brown seed. Resistance: tipburn; tolerance to frost. Similar: Vanguard. 1989.

Krypton (PS 3127) – Breeder: Doug Sousa. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Petoseed. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: large heading, unique glossy green, very slow bolting, open habit, wide harvest window. Resistance: downy mildew. Similar: Royal Queen. Adaptation: U.S. PVP no. 9700037. 1999.

La Brillante – Vendor: Cook’s Garden. Characteristics: combines shiny leaf of crisphead type with butterhead tenderness; delicately toothed, vibrant green leaves; Batavia type. 1936.

Laguna – Breeder: University California, Davis. Vendor: USDA, University California, Davis. Characteristics: crisphead type, head is smaller than 24, firm, good butt appearance, good color, very large cores, low seedstalk, black seed. Resistance: downy mildew; susceptible to russet spotting. 1978.

Laguna Fresca – Breeder and vendor: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: this iceberg variety has a strong texture, long cap leaf coverage, and a savoyed leaf surface; possesses sure-heading abilities. Resistance: corky-root resistance and a very strong tolerance to tip-burn; an exceeding high tolerance to bolting during summer planting in the Salinas Valley. Adaptation: all U.S. lettuce production regions. PVP #200,100,044 (issued 8/25/2005). 2000.

LaJolla – Breeder and vendor: Synergene. Characteristics: crisphead type, uniform, upright growth, moderate to large frame, large head, medium soft leaves, large butt, smooth ribs, Merit time slot in desert southwest United States, white seed. Resistance: bolting, pink rib, tipburn; tolerance to heat, frost. Similar: Calmar. 1986.

Lakeland – Breeder: USDA, Beltsville, Md. Parentage: complex hybrid x Great Lakes 407. Characteristics: extremely slow bolting, heads well in warm weather. Resistance: tipburn and rib discoloration. Similar: Empire. Adaptation: mucklands around Great Lakes. 1958.

Laramie (FMX 2367) – Breeder and vendor: Harris Moran Seed Co. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: dark green leaves, medium to large frame; leaf type is moderately blistered, Salinas type. Resistance: big vein, lettuce mosaic virus, downy mildew-California pathotype 1, 3. Similar: Salinas. Adaptation: late; desert. 2000.

Le Cup – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow Seed Co. Characteristics: miniature crisphead. 1991.

Leatherback (GX 819) – Breeder: Jodi Gosen. Vendor: Seminis Vegetable Seeds-Genecorp. Parentage: open pollinated. Characteristics: large green open Romaine with dark green color, leaf surface. Resistance: corky root. Similar: Romo. Adaptation: Florida. PVP applied for. 1993.

Legacy – Breederand vendor: Takii. Characteristics: crisphead type. Similar: Salinas. 1992.

Little Caesar – Vendor: Burpee.

Little Gem – Breeder: Vilmorin. Vendor: Burpee Gardens. Characteristics: 65 days to maturity, English favorite, bright green leaves 6″ long, excellent flavor, crisp texture, succulent midribs, fast growing, Latin type. Similar: Sucrine. 1880.

Little Leprechaun – Breeder and vendor: ARCO/Dessert Seed Co. Characteristics: open pollinated. 1983.

Lobjoits – Breeder and vendor: Nunhems. Characteristics: cos type, good dark green, upright leaves. Resistance: tipburn. 1991.

Lucy Brown – Breeder and vendor: Asgrow. Characteristics: crisphead type, excellent heading ability, Empire slot in desert southwest United States, firm, good green color, smooth butt. Similar: Empire. 1993.

Luxury (SSC 3011) – Breeder and vendor: Shamrock Seed Co., Inc. Characteristics: A new red Little Gem that produces larger, darker red plants with stronger mildew resistance compared to Amaze and Dazzle; nice looking, 20 cm tall plants with an average weight of 175 g; has blistered leaves with a soft texture and good flavor; the heart is yellow-green with a tinge of red in the center. Resistance: Downy mildew (CA pathotypes I–VI / BL 1–25, 28). Adaptation: All Lettuce growing regions. 2012.